Compare Macau (2006) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)

Compare Macau (2006) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)

	Macau (2006)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)

Administrative divisions	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.2% (male 37,934/female 35,412) 15-64 years: 75.9% (male 163,975/female 179,830) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 15,099/female 20,875) (2006 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	1 (2006)	5 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2006)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 28.2 sq km land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	8.48 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	NA births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $3.16 billion expenditures: $3.16 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (FY05/06)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital	-	Stanley
Climate	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	41 km	1,288 km
Constitution	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Death rate	4.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$3.1 billion (2004)	$NA
Dependency status	special administrative region of China	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$0 (1997 est.)
Economy - overview	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 10.1% in 2002, 14.2% in 2003, and 28.6% in 2004. During the first three quarters of 2005, Macau registered year-on-year GDP increases of 6.2%. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of travel restrictions, increased public works expenditures, and significant investment inflows associated with the liberalization of Macau's gaming industry drove the four-year recovery. The budget also returned to surplus since 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory, which will boost GDP growth. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Two new casinos were opened by new foreign gambling licensees in 2004; development of new infrastructure and facilities in preparation for Macau's hosting of the 2005 East Asian Games led the construction sector. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland, and the range of products covered by CEPA was expanded on 1 January 2005.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	1.899 billion kWh (2004)	17.72 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2004)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	153.3 million kWh (2004)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	1.893 billion kWh (2004)	19.06 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	NA	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Ethnic groups	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)	British
Exchange rates	patacas per US dollar - 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002), 8.034 (2001)	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA bbl/day	NA
Exports - commodities	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	US 48.7%, China 14.9%, Hong Kong 9.8%, Germany 5.9% (2005)	Spain 77.4%, UK 9.4%, US 4.9% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.8% (3rd Quarter 2005)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	22 10 N, 113 33 E	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways	-	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA bbl/day	NA
Imports - commodities	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	China 43.1%, Japan 10.9%, Hong Kong 10%, Singapore 5.2%, US 4.1%, Taiwan 4% (2005)	UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6% (2004)
Independence	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys	fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.8% (2nd quarter, 2005)	3.6% (1998)
International organization participation	IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO	ICFTU, UPU
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	251,200 (3rd Quarter, 2005)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	manufacturing 13.7%, construction 10.5%, transport and communications 5.9%, wholesale and retail trade 14.6%, restaurants and hotels 10.3%, gambling 17.9%, public sector 7.8%, other services and agriculture 19.3% (2005 est.)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)
Languages	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)	English
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - Development Union 12.8%, Macau Development Alliance 9%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16%, New Democratic Macau Association 18.2%, others NA; seats by political group - Development Union 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, New Democratic Macau Association 2, New Hope 1, United Forces 2, others 2; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 82.19 years male: 79.36 years female: 85.17 years (2006 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Southeast Asia	South America
Maritime claims	not specified	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	none
Military - note	defense is the responsiblity of China	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular military forces	no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	typhoons	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	NEGL	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate	4.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	453,125 (July 2006 est.)	2,967 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	0.86% (2006 est.)	2.44% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Stanley
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)	-
Suffrage	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	174,400 (2005)	2,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	532,800 (2005)	0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2006)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	generally flat	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	1.02 children born/woman (2006 est.)	NA children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	4.1% (3rd Quarter 2005)	full employment; labor shortage (2001)

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